By Mike Menser and Juscha Robinson
Throughout the U.S. left, but in particular among those groups participating at the first U.S. Social Forum and the global justice movement more generally, “participatory democracy” is a phrase one encounters in all kinds of different movements and organizations, from anti-war meetings and environmental justice organizations, to direct action affinity groups, to community-sponsored agriculture outfits, international solidarity organizations and prison abolitionists. It is certainly a central feature of the solidarity economy. In this essay, we will talk a little about what “participatory democracy” (PD) has come to mean for such movements, but for the most part our remarks will focus on a particular mode of PD called “participatory budgeting”, an innovation made famous in Brazil but recently spread across the globe to more than 1,000 cities.